Python - scope and recursive function - Day 25(4 days later)

this will explain the variable's scope.

  
#take way:read the document related to local,nonlocal,global
#know what is LEGB - Local Enclosing Global Builtins
#below example will illustrate the variable and the scope of it


# def spam1():
#     def spam2():
#         def spam3():
#             z = ' even more spam'
#             print('3 {}'.format(locals()))
#             return z
#         y = 'more spam '
#         y+= spam3()
#         print('2 {}'.format(locals()))
#         return y
#     x = 'spam '
#     x+= spam2()
#     print('1 {}'.format(locals()))
#     print(x)

def spam1():
    def spam2():
        def spam3():
            # y = 'test'
            z = ' even' + y
            print('3 {}'.format(locals()))
            return z
        y = ' more'+x
        y+= spam3()
        print('2 {}'.format(locals()))
        return y
    x = 'spam'
    x+= spam2()
    # we can't write like this x = 'spam' + spam2(),since spam2 function first expects x
    # it will throw unreferenced variable error if we code like that
    print('1 {}'.format(locals()))
    print(x)

print(spam1())
print(locals())
print(globals())
 

this will explain how the recursive funtion can be made use of

  
#recursive function,function that calls itself again and again
#factorial

def factorial(n):
    result = 1
    if n>1:
        for i in range (1,n+1):
            result = result * i
    return result

def factorialrec(n):
    #n factorial can also be defined as n * (n-1)!
    if n<=1:
        return 1
    else:
        return n * factorialrec(n-1)

def fibonaccirec(n):
    # Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2
    if n<2:
        return n
    else:
        return fibonaccirec(n-1)+fibonaccirec(n-2)

def fibonacci(n):
    if n == 0:
        return 0
    if n == 1:
        return 1
    elif n==2:
        return 1
    else:
        n_minus1 = 1
        n_minus2 = 0
        for i in range(1,n):
            result = n_minus1+n_minus2
            n_minus2 = n_minus1
            n_minus1 = result
        return result




# for x in range (1,130):
#     print(x , factorial(x))

# for x in range (1,130):
#     print(x , factorialrec(x))

# here use of the recursive funtion in calculating the fibonaaci
#might slow downb the process,so we can go for direct method

# for x in range (1,36):
#     print(x , fibonaccirec(x))

#below direct method will be fast
for x in range (1,36):
    print(x , fibonacci(x))
 

Python - using underscore - Day 24

  
#there is nothing like private or protected concept in python
#if we want to treat something as private we can use underscore '_'
# in front of the name,although it wont have any programming influence,
# but for the users understanding,also the objects starting with '_' won't be
# displayed if we use import *,although we can access using the modulename.objectname
# import blackjacktest1
# g = sorted(globals())
# for x in g:
#     print(x)
# for x in globals():
#     print(x)
# print (__name__)
# blackjacktest1.play()

#if you rename by prefexing any of the funtion with '_' and check the below loop will not return
#those funtions or objects

from blackjacktest1 import *
g = sorted(globals())
for x in g:
    print(x)

#we can use '_' or '__' as variable name, thoughh it is not the proper way of naming variable
_ = 'a'
print(_)
__ = 'ab'
print(__)

personaldetails =('udai',23,'welcome')
name,_,__ = personaldetails
print(name,_,__)
 

Python - import challenge - blackjack game - Day 23

if we directly import the module it will execute w/o users control..ie it will execute immediately after the import statement which is not intended..

here few changes are made to run the module from other code..ie by importing it and calling the functionality whenever needed

we can make use of the __name__ to do this

  
#this is extension of blackjack game to include the new game button and shuffle button

import tkinter as tkinter
import random

try:
    import tkinter
except ImportError:  # python 2
    import Tkinter as tkinter
def load_images(card_images):
    suits=['heart','club','diamond','spade']
    face_cards=['jack','queen','king']

    if tkinter.TkVersion >= 8.6:
        extension = 'png'
    else:
        extension = 'ppm'
    #for each suit retrieve the image for the cards
    for suit in suits:
        #first the number cards 1 to 10
        for card in range(1,11):
            name = 'cards/{}_{}.{}'.format(str(card),suit,'png')
            image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file = name)
            card_images.append((card,image))
        #next the Face Cards
        for card in face_cards:
            name = 'cards/{}_{}.{}'.format(str(card),suit,'png')
            image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file = name)
            card_images.append((10,image))

def deal_card(frame):
    #pop the next card of the top of the deck
    next_card= deck.pop(0)
    #if the player keeps on playing new game then all the cards will be used so
    deck.append(next_card)
    #add the image to the label and display the label
    tkinter.Label(frame,image=next_card[1],relief = 'raised').pack(side = 'left')
    #now return the cards face value
    return next_card


def score_hand(hand):
    # Calculate the total score of all cards in the list.
    # Only one ace can have the value 11, and this will be reduce to 1 if the hand would bust.
    score = 0
    ace = False
    for next_card in hand:
        card_value = next_card[0]
        if card_value == 1 and not ace:
            ace = True
            card_value = 11
        # score += card_value
        score = score + card_value
        # if we would bust, check if there is an ace and subtract 10
        if score > 21 and ace:
            # score -= 10
            score = score - 10
            ace = False
    return score

def deal_dealer():
    dealer_score= score_hand(dealer_hand)
    while 0 < dealer_score <17:
        dealer_hand.append(deal_card(dealer_card_frame))
        dealer_score= score_hand(dealer_hand)
        dealer_score_label.set(dealer_score)

    player_score = score_hand(player_hand)
    if player_score>21:
        resulttext.set('Dealer Wins!')
    elif dealer_score > 21 or dealer_score player_score:
        resulttext.set('Dealer Wins!')
    else:
        resulttext.set('Draw!')

    # player_score_label.set(player_score)
    # if player_score>21:
    #     resulttext.set ('Dealer Wins')


# def deal_player():
#     deal_card(player_card_frame)

def deal_player():
    player_hand.append(deal_card(player_card_frame))
    player_score= score_hand(player_hand)

    player_score_label.set(player_score)
    if player_score>21:
        resulttext.set ('Dealer Wins')
    # global player_score
    # global player_ace
    # card_value = deal_card(player_card_frame)[0]
    # if card_value ==1 and not player_ace:
    #     player_ace = True
    #     card_value = 11
    # player_score = player_score + card_value
    # # if we would bust,check if there is an ace and subtract
    # if player_score>21 and player_ace:
    #     player_score = player_score - 10
    #     player_ace = False
    # player_score_label.set(player_score)
    # if player_score>21:
    #     resulttext.set("Dealer Wins")
    # print(locals())

def new_game():
    global dealer_card_frame
    global player_card_frame
    global dealer_hand
    global player_hand
    # embedded frame to hold the card images
    dealer_card_frame.destroy()
    dealer_card_frame = tkinter.Frame(card_frame, background='green')
    dealer_card_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='ew', rowspan=2)
    # embedded frame to hold the card images
    player_card_frame.destroy()
    player_card_frame = tkinter.Frame(card_frame, background="green")
    player_card_frame.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky='ew', rowspan=2)

    resulttext.set("")

    # Create the list to store the dealer's and player's hands
    dealer_hand = []
    player_hand = []

    deal_player()
    dealer_hand.append(deal_card(dealer_card_frame))
    dealer_score_label.set(score_hand(dealer_hand))
    deal_player()

def shuffle():
    random.shuffle(deck)



def play():
    deal_player()
    dealer_hand.append(deal_card(dealer_card_frame))
    dealer_score_label.set(score_hand(dealer_hand))
    deal_player()
    mainwindow.mainloop()


mainwindow = tkinter.Tk()
#setup the screens and frame for the dealer and the player
mainwindow.title("blackjack")
mainwindow.geometry("640x480")
mainwindow.configure(background = "green")

resulttext = tkinter.StringVar()
result = tkinter.Label(mainwindow,textvariable = resulttext)
result.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=3)

card_frame= tkinter.Frame(mainwindow,relief = 'sunken',borderwidth = 1,background = 'green')
card_frame.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky = 'ew',columnspan = 3,rowspan=2)

dealer_score_label = tkinter.IntVar()
tkinter.Label(card_frame,text = 'Dealer',background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=0,column=0)
tkinter.Label(card_frame,textvariable = dealer_score_label,background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=1,column=0)

#embedded Frame hold the card images
dealer_card_frame=tkinter.Frame(card_frame,background = 'green')
dealer_card_frame.grid(row=0,column=1,sticky='ew',rowspan=2)


player_score_label = tkinter.IntVar()
tkinter.Label(card_frame,text = 'Player',background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=2,column=0)
tkinter.Label(card_frame,textvariable = player_score_label,background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=3,column=0)
#embedded Frame hold the card images
player_card_frame=tkinter.Frame(card_frame,background = 'green')
player_card_frame.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky='ew',rowspan=2)

button_frame = tkinter.Frame(mainwindow)
button_frame.grid(row=3,column=0,columnspan = 3,sticky = 'w')

dealer_button=tkinter.Button(button_frame,text = 'Dealer',command = deal_dealer)
dealer_button.grid(row=0,column=0)

player_button=tkinter.Button(button_frame,text = 'Player',command = deal_player)
player_button.grid(row=0,column=1)

new_game_button=tkinter.Button(button_frame,text = 'New Game',command = new_game)
new_game_button.grid(row=0,column=2)

shuffle_button = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="Shuffle", command=shuffle)
shuffle_button.grid(row=0, column=3)

#load cards
cards = []
load_images(cards)
# print(cards)
# print(id(cards))
#create a new deck of cards and shuffle them
deck = list(cards) + list(cards) + list(cards)
shuffle()

# Create the list to store the dealer's and player's hands
dealer_hand = []
player_hand = []

if __name__ == '__main__':
    play()


 

we can import by using the code like below one

  
import blackjacktest1
print (__name__)
blackjacktest1.play()
 

Python - function challenge - blackjack game extension - Day 23

#this is extension of blackjack game to include the new game button and shuffle button

  
#this is extension of blackjack game to include the new game button and shuffle button

import tkinter as tkinter
import random

try:
    import tkinter
except ImportError:  # python 2
    import Tkinter as tkinter
def load_images(card_images):
    suits=['heart','club','diamond','spade']
    face_cards=['jack','queen','king']

    if tkinter.TkVersion >= 8.6:
        extension = 'png'
    else:
        extension = 'ppm'
    #for each suit retrieve the image for the cards
    for suit in suits:
        #first the number cards 1 to 10
        for card in range(1,11):
            name = 'cards/{}_{}.{}'.format(str(card),suit,'png')
            image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file = name)
            card_images.append((card,image))
        #next the Face Cards
        for card in face_cards:
            name = 'cards/{}_{}.{}'.format(str(card),suit,'png')
            image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file = name)
            card_images.append((10,image))

def deal_card(frame):
    #pop the next card of the top of the deck
    next_card= deck.pop(0)
    #if the player keeps on playing new game then all the cards will be used so
    deck.append(next_card)
    #add the image to the label and display the label
    tkinter.Label(frame,image=next_card[1],relief = 'raised').pack(side = 'left')
    #now return the cards face value
    return next_card


def score_hand(hand):
    # Calculate the total score of all cards in the list.
    # Only one ace can have the value 11, and this will be reduce to 1 if the hand would bust.
    score = 0
    ace = False
    for next_card in hand:
        card_value = next_card[0]
        if card_value == 1 and not ace:
            ace = True
            card_value = 11
        # score += card_value
        score = score + card_value
        # if we would bust, check if there is an ace and subtract 10
        if score > 21 and ace:
            # score -= 10
            score = score - 10
            ace = False
    return score

def deal_dealer():
    dealer_score= score_hand(dealer_hand)
    while 0 < dealer_score <17:
        dealer_hand.append(deal_card(dealer_card_frame))
        dealer_score= score_hand(dealer_hand)
        dealer_score_label.set(dealer_score)

    player_score = score_hand(player_hand)
    if player_score>21:
        resulttext.set('Dealer Wins!')
    elif dealer_score > 21 or dealer_score player_score:
        resulttext.set('Dealer Wins!')
    else:
        resulttext.set('Draw!')

    # player_score_label.set(player_score)
    # if player_score>21:
    #     resulttext.set ('Dealer Wins')


# def deal_player():
#     deal_card(player_card_frame)

def deal_player():
    player_hand.append(deal_card(player_card_frame))
    player_score= score_hand(player_hand)

    player_score_label.set(player_score)
    if player_score>21:
        resulttext.set ('Dealer Wins')
    # global player_score
    # global player_ace
    # card_value = deal_card(player_card_frame)[0]
    # if card_value ==1 and not player_ace:
    #     player_ace = True
    #     card_value = 11
    # player_score = player_score + card_value
    # # if we would bust,check if there is an ace and subtract
    # if player_score>21 and player_ace:
    #     player_score = player_score - 10
    #     player_ace = False
    # player_score_label.set(player_score)
    # if player_score>21:
    #     resulttext.set("Dealer Wins")
    # print(locals())

def new_game():
    global dealer_card_frame
    global player_card_frame
    global dealer_hand
    global player_hand
    # embedded frame to hold the card images
    dealer_card_frame.destroy()
    dealer_card_frame = tkinter.Frame(card_frame, background='green')
    dealer_card_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky='ew', rowspan=2)
    # embedded frame to hold the card images
    player_card_frame.destroy()
    player_card_frame = tkinter.Frame(card_frame, background="green")
    player_card_frame.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky='ew', rowspan=2)

    resulttext.set("")

    # Create the list to store the dealer's and player's hands
    dealer_hand = []
    player_hand = []

    deal_player()
    dealer_hand.append(deal_card(dealer_card_frame))
    dealer_score_label.set(score_hand(dealer_hand))
    deal_player()

def shuffle():
    random.shuffle(deck)

mainwindow = tkinter.Tk()

#setup the screens and frame for the dealer and the player
mainwindow.title("blackjack")
mainwindow.geometry("640x480")
mainwindow.configure(background = "green")

resulttext = tkinter.StringVar()
result = tkinter.Label(mainwindow,textvariable = resulttext)
result.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=3)

card_frame= tkinter.Frame(mainwindow,relief = 'sunken',borderwidth = 1,background = 'green')
card_frame.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky = 'ew',columnspan = 3,rowspan=2)

dealer_score_label = tkinter.IntVar()
tkinter.Label(card_frame,text = 'Dealer',background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=0,column=0)
tkinter.Label(card_frame,textvariable = dealer_score_label,background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=1,column=0)

#embedded Frame hold the card images
dealer_card_frame=tkinter.Frame(card_frame,background = 'green')
dealer_card_frame.grid(row=0,column=1,sticky='ew',rowspan=2)


player_score_label = tkinter.IntVar()
tkinter.Label(card_frame,text = 'Player',background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=2,column=0)
tkinter.Label(card_frame,textvariable = player_score_label,background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=3,column=0)
#embedded Frame hold the card images
player_card_frame=tkinter.Frame(card_frame,background = 'green')
player_card_frame.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky='ew',rowspan=2)

button_frame = tkinter.Frame(mainwindow)
button_frame.grid(row=3,column=0,columnspan = 3,sticky = 'w')

dealer_button=tkinter.Button(button_frame,text = 'Dealer',command = deal_dealer)
dealer_button.grid(row=0,column=0)

player_button=tkinter.Button(button_frame,text = 'Player',command = deal_player)
player_button.grid(row=0,column=1)

new_game_button=tkinter.Button(button_frame,text = 'New Game',command = new_game)
new_game_button.grid(row=0,column=2)

shuffle_button = tkinter.Button(button_frame, text="Shuffle", command=shuffle)
shuffle_button.grid(row=0, column=3)

#load cards
cards = []
load_images(cards)
# print(cards)
# print(id(cards))
#create a new deck of cards and shuffle them
deck = list(cards) + list(cards) + list(cards)
shuffle()

# Create the list to store the dealer's and player's hands
dealer_hand = []
player_hand = []

new_game()

mainwindow.mainloop()

 

Python - function challenge - blackjack game - Day 22(after 1 day)

first we will download the cards image from the svg online or search in github

then extract and place those file in the project folder

  
#this program explains how to achieve the blackjack game
#the key points to note here are
#pop funtion,using the same code of function to avoid repetition
#load images from file to frame,shuffling of cards,calculating scores
#then use of the global keyword to avoiding shadowing of the global variable inside the function

import tkinter as tkinter
import random

def load_images(card_images):
    suits=['heart','club','diamond','spade']
    face_cards=['jack','queen','king']

    #for each suit retrieve the image for the cards
    for suit in suits:
        #first the number cards 1 to 10
        for card in range(1,11):
            name = 'cards/{}_{}.{}'.format(str(card),suit,'png')
            image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file = name)
            card_images.append((card,image))
        #next the Face Cards
        for card in face_cards:
            name = 'cards/{}_{}.{}'.format(str(card),suit,'png')
            image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file = name)
            card_images.append((10,image))

def deal_card(frame):
    #pop the next card of the top of the deck
    next_card= deck.pop(0)
    #add the image to the label and display the label
    tkinter.Label(frame,image=next_card[1],relief = 'raised').pack(side = 'left')
    #now return the cards face value
    return next_card

def deal_dealer():
    dealer_score= score_hand(dealer_hand)
    while 0 < dealer_score <17:
        dealer_hand.append(deal_card(dealer_card_frame))
        dealer_score= score_hand(dealer_hand)
        dealer_score_label.set(dealer_score)

    player_score = score_hand(player_hand)
    if player_score>21:
        resulttext.set('Dealer Wins!')
    elif dealer_score > 21 or dealer_score player_score:
        resulttext.set('Dealer Wins!')
    else:
        resulttext.set('Draw!')

    # player_score_label.set(player_score)
    # if player_score>21:
    #     resulttext.set ('Dealer Wins')


# def deal_player():
#     deal_card(player_card_frame)

def deal_player():
    player_hand.append(deal_card(player_card_frame))
    player_score= score_hand(player_hand)

    player_score_label.set(player_score)
    if player_score>21:
        resulttext.set ('Dealer Wins')
    #below code is used for testing the global,local shadowing concept 
    # global player_score
    # global player_ace
    # card_value = deal_card(player_card_frame)[0]
    # if card_value ==1 and not player_ace:
    #     player_ace = True
    #     card_value = 11
    # player_score = player_score + card_value
    # # if we would bust,check if there is an ace and subtract
    # if player_score>21 and player_ace:
    #     player_score = player_score - 10
    #     player_ace = False
    # player_score_label.set(player_score)
    # if player_score>21:
    #     resulttext.set("Dealer Wins")
    # print(locals())

def score_hand(hand):
    #calculate the total score of all cards in the list
    # only one can have the value 11,and this will be reduce to 1 if the hand would bust.
    score = 0
    ace = False
    for next_card in hand:
        card_value = next_card[0]
        if card_value == 1 and not ace:
            ace = True
            card_value = 11
        score = score + card_value
        #if we would bust ,check if there is an ace and subtract 10
        if score > 21 and ace:
            score =score - 10
            ace = False
        return score


mainwindow = tkinter.Tk()

#setup the screens and frame for the dealer and the player
mainwindow.title("blackjack")
mainwindow.geometry("640x480")
mainwindow.configure(background = "green")

resulttext = tkinter.StringVar()
result = tkinter.Label(mainwindow,textvariable = resulttext)
result.grid(row=0,column=0,columnspan=3)

card_frame= tkinter.Frame(mainwindow,relief = 'sunken',borderwidth = 1,background = 'green')
card_frame.grid(row=1,column=0,sticky = 'ew',columnspan = 3,rowspan=2)

dealer_score_label = tkinter.IntVar()
tkinter.Label(card_frame,text = 'Dealer',background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=0,column=0)
tkinter.Label(card_frame,textvariable = dealer_score_label,background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=1,column=0)

#embedded Frame hold the card images
dealer_card_frame=tkinter.Frame(card_frame,background = 'green')
dealer_card_frame.grid(row=0,column=1,sticky='ew',rowspan=2)


player_score_label = tkinter.IntVar()
tkinter.Label(card_frame,text = 'Player',background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=2,column=0)
tkinter.Label(card_frame,textvariable = player_score_label,background ='green',fg='white').grid(row=3,column=0)
#embedded Frame hold the card images
player_card_frame=tkinter.Frame(card_frame,background = 'green')
player_card_frame.grid(row=2,column=1,sticky='ew',rowspan=2)

button_frame = tkinter.Frame(mainwindow)
button_frame.grid(row=3,column=0,columnspan = 3,sticky = 'w')

dealer_button=tkinter.Button(button_frame,text = 'Dealer',command = deal_dealer)
dealer_button.grid(row=0,column=0)

player_button=tkinter.Button(button_frame,text = 'Player',command = deal_player)
player_button.grid(row=0,column=1)

#load cards
cards = []
load_images(cards)
# print(cards)
# print(id(cards))
#create a new deck of cards and shuffle them
deck = list(cards)
random.shuffle(deck)

#Create the list to store the dealers and players hands
dealer_hand = []
player_hand = []

deal_player()
dealer_hand.append(deal_card(dealer_card_frame))
deal_player()

mainwindow.mainloop()
 

Python function -circle challenge 1 - Day 21(after 1 day)

this code will draw circle through function,by passing the center,radius

  
#instead of using the for loop outside we can plot it in the parabol
#funtion itself
import math
import tkinter

def parabola(page,size):
    for x in range(-size,size):
        y = x * x/size
        plot(page,x,y)

#the formula behind this is for circle it is enough to draw one quadrant and
#then negating it the axis will provide the symmetry and make an circle
#ie .. we have y = h + (math.sqrt(radius ** 2 -((x-g)**2)))
#we want y = h - (math.sqrt(radius ** 2 -((x-g)**2)))
#but minus y is actually -y = h - (math.sqrt(radius ** 2 -((x-g)**2)))
#so we add 2 * h back onto -y
def circle(page,radius,g,h):
    for x in range(g,g + radius):
        y = h + (math.sqrt(radius ** 2 -((x-g)**2)))
        plot(page,x,y)
        plot(page,x,2* h - y)
        plot(page,2 * g - x,y)
        plot(page,2 * g - x,2* h - y)

def draw_axes(page):
    page.configure(scrollregion=(-200,-200,200,200))
    page.create_line(-200,0,200,0, fill="blue")
    page.create_line(0,200,0,-200, fill="blue")

def plot(canvas,x,y):
    canvas.create_line(x,-y,x+1,-y+1,fill="red")

mainwindow = tkinter.Tk()

mainwindow.title("Parabola")
mainwindow.geometry("640x480")

canvas = tkinter.Canvas(mainwindow,width=640,height= 480)
canvas.grid(row=0,column=0)


print(id(canvas))

draw_axes(canvas)
parabola(canvas,100)
parabola(canvas,150)

circle(canvas,100,100,100)
circle(canvas,100,100,-100)
circle(canvas,100,-100,100)
circle(canvas,100,-100,-100)
circle(canvas,30,30,30)
circle(canvas,30,30,-30)
circle(canvas,30,-30,30)
circle(canvas,30,-30,-30)

# for x in range(-100,100):
#     y = parabola(x)
#     plot(canvas,x,-y)

mainwindow.mainloop()
 

Python function scope - Day 20(after 20 days)

this will explain how the scope of the variable works

here we are trying to plot the parabola by calling the function

we have used canvas variable one inside and another outside of the function to show how the scope works

  
#this will explain the scope of the variable
#we can use locals() to know the variable in that scopre,this can be used only inside functions

import tkinter


def parabola(x):
    y = x * x/100
    return y


def draw_axes(canvas):
    #the canvas variable here is different from the canvas outside
    #of this function
    # canvas.update
    #here the x and y origin are not fetching properly so hardcoded the values
    # x_origin = canvas.winfo_width ()/2
    # y_origin = canvas.winfo_height()/2
    # x_origin = canvas.winfo_width ()
    # y_origin = canvas.winfo_height()
    canvas.configure(scrollregion=(-200,-200,200,200))
    canvas.create_line(-200,0,200,0, fill="blue")
    canvas.create_line(0,200,0,-200, fill="blue")
    #this will give the object location(address),we can differentiate object of same names
    #using this id()
    print(id(canvas))
    print(locals())

def plot(canvas,x,y):
    canvas.create_line(x,y,x+1,y+1,fill="red")

mainwindow = tkinter.Tk()

mainwindow.title("Parabola")
mainwindow.geometry("640x480")

canvas = tkinter.Canvas(mainwindow,width=320,height= 480)
canvas.grid(row=0,column=0)

#we have created two canvas to show how the scope works
canvas2 = tkinter.Canvas(mainwindow,width=320,height= 480)
canvas2.grid(row=0,column=1)

print(id(canvas))
print(id(canvas2))

draw_axes(canvas)
draw_axes(canvas2)

for x in range(-100,100):
    y = parabola(x)
    plot(canvas,x,-y)


mainwindow.mainloop()