Python timezone - Day 16(1 day later)

pip command,if it doesn't work ,open the python setup goto modify and check the add python to environment variables option python time zone library package,pip3 install pytz

  
import pytz
import datetime
country = "Europe/Moscow" #check for the spelling and case sensitivity
tz_to_display = pytz.timezone(country)
# print(tz_to_display)
# print(country)
print("The time in {} is {}".format(country,datetime.datetime.now(tz=tz_to_display)))
print("UTC is {}".format(datetime.datetime.utcnow()))
print("LocalTime here is {}".format(datetime.datetime.now()))
tz_to_display = pytz.timezone("Singapore")
print("The time in {} is {}".format("Singapore",datetime.datetime.now(tz=tz_to_display)))

#list of all timezones
for x in pytz.all_timezones:
    print(x)
print("=="*50)
print(pytz.country_names)
#list of all countries
for x in pytz.country_names:
    print(x)

for x in sorted(pytz.country_names):
    print(x + ": " + pytz.country_names[x])

#although the below code will run,there will be error ,since the few countries
#like (Bouvet Island ) have not defined the timezones
# for x in sorted(pytz.country_names):
#     print("{} : {} : {}".format(x,pytz.country_names[x],pytz.country_timezones(x)))

print("=================="*10)
#we can use the get method to avoid the below issue
for x in sorted(pytz.country_names):
    print("{} : {} : {}".format(x,pytz.country_names[x],pytz.country_timezones.get(x)))
print("*************"*10)
#we can also use the below method
for x in sorted(pytz.country_names):
    print("{} : {} ".format(x,pytz.country_names[x],end = ' '))
    if x in (pytz.country_timezones):
        print(pytz.country_timezones[x])
    else:
        print("TimeZone Not Defined")
 

Python date time calendar module - Day 15

time module

  
# import time
# # print(time.gmtime())
# # ##epoch time
# # print(time.gmtime(0))
# # print("="*40)
# # print(time.localtime())
# # print("="*40)
# # ##seconds till now from epoch time
# # print(time.time())
#
# time_here = time.localtime()
# print(time_here)
# #time_here is a tuple ,we can make use of the tuple index or name ,so that
# #we can get the desired part of the date
# print("year:",time_here[0],time_here.tm_year)
# print("Month:",time_here[1],time_here.tm_mon)
# print("Day:",time_here[2],time_here.tm_mday)

#reaction time game


# import time
# from time import time as my_timer
# import random
#
# input("press enter to start")
# wait_time = random.randint(1,6)
# time.sleep(wait_time)
# start_time=my_timer()
# input("press enter to stop")
# end_time=my_timer()
#
# print(start_time,end_time)
# print("started at "+ time.strftime("%X",time.localtime(start_time)))
# print("Ended at "+ time.strftime("%X",time.localtime(end_time)))
# print("Time taken for response was {}".format(end_time-start_time))



#apart from the time method we also have three other methods that we can make use of
#monotonic - this can be used ,so that even if there is daylight saving time,activates
#in the mean time or the user changes the clock in system,always the end time 
#will be higher than the
#start time if we use the monotonic
#other 1 is perf_counter
#and the process_time is the elapsed cpu time for the process
#proposal for python - PEP 0418 can read from there


import time
# # from time import perf_counter as my_timer
# # from time import monotonic as my_timer
# from time import process_time as my_timer
# import random
#
#
# input("press enter to start")
# wait_time = random.randint(1,6)
# time.sleep(wait_time)
# start_time=my_timer()
# input("press enter to stop")
# end_time=my_timer()
#
# print(start_time,end_time)
# print("started at "+ time.strftime("%X",time.localtime(start_time)))
# print("Ended at "+ time.strftime("%X",time.localtime(end_time)))
# print("Time taken for response was {}".format(end_time-start_time))



#info about the each clock

print("time():\t\t\t",time.get_clock_info("time"))
print("monotonic():\t",time.get_clock_info("monotonic"))
print("perf_counter():\t",time.get_clock_info("perf_counter"))
print("process_time():\t",time.get_clock_info("process_time"))

 

Python Modules - Day 14(day later)

we can import modules using the module name and import keyword we can import the full module or specific functions in that module if there is any reference warning right click on the function and choose ignore unresolved references

  
# import turtle
#
#
# turtle.forward(400)
# turtle.circle(250)
# turtle.right(300)
#
# #the done function is used to hold the screen to see the result
# #or else we can use the time module and sleep function
#
#
# for i in range(0,100,10):
#     turtle.forward(i)
#     turtle.circle(i)
#     turtle.right(i)
#
#
# turtle.done()


#if we need only the particular functions we can code like below
# from turtle import circle,done
#
# circle(70)
# done()

#or else we can do use *
# from turtle import *
#
# circle(70)
# done()

#we will get the error if we run the below piece of code
#since the done is common here,we declared as string,but the turtle method
#also has the "done" as function
done = "done with the drawing"

import turtle

turtle.forward(400)
turtle.circle(250)
turtle.right(300)

done()
print(done)

#here we can check the list of objects inside the
#inbuilt modules of the python
#we can also ctrl + click the module name to find the list of objects

print(dir())
#the above line will print

#['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__',
## '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__']
print("="*40)
for i in dir():
    print(i)
print(dir('__builtins__'))
#the above line will print

#['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__',
# '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__',
# '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__',
# '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__',
# '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__',
# 'capitalize', 'casefold', 'center', 'count', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find',
# 'format', 'format_map', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdecimal', 'isdigit', 'isidentifier',
#  'islower', 'isnumeric', 'isprintable', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust',
# 'lower',
#  'lstrip', 'maketrans', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition',
#  'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title',
# 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']

print("="*40)
for i in dir('__builtins__'):
    print(i)

#lets check for the shelve now

import shelve

print(dir())
# ['__annotations__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', 
#'__name__',
#  '__package__', '__spec__', 'i', 'shelve']

print(dir(shelve))
# ['BsdDbShelf', 'BytesIO', 'DbfilenameShelf', 'Pickler',
# 'Shelf', 'Unpickler', '_ClosedDict', '__all__', '__builtins__',
# '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__',
# 'collections', 'open']
print(dir(shelve.Shelf))
print('=='*20)
for i in dir(shelve.Shelf):
    print(i)



#we can use the help function to know the functionality



help(shelve)
print("*"*20)
help(shelve.Shelf)

import  random
help(random)
print("*"*20)
help(random.randint)

 

Python Shelve eg2....- Day 13

updating shelve

  
import shelve
# with shelve.open("D:/WORK/2018/February/23-02-2018-Friday/shelveeg3") as fruit:
fruit = shelve.open("D:/WORK/2018/February/23-02-2018-Friday/shelveeg3")
fruit['orange']='citrus fruit'
fruit['apple']='good for health'
fruit['lemon']='small fruit'
fruit['papaya']='good for eye'

print(fruit)
print(fruit['lemon'])

fruit['lemon']='Can Make Juice'

print(fruit)
print(fruit['lemon'])

for i in fruit:
    print(i +" - " + fruit[i])
print("="*40)

# while True:
#     var1 = input("enter any fruit key - ")
#     if var1 =='quit':
#         break
#     # print(fruit.get(var1,'entered key doent exits'))
#     if var1 in fruit:
#         print(fruit[var1])
#     else:
#         print('entered key does not exits')

#to get the shelve in sorted order
shelvesortlist = list(fruit.keys())
shelvesortlist.sort()
print(shelvesortlist)
print(fruit)
for var2 in shelvesortlist:
    print(var2+" - "+fruit[var2])
print (fruit.values())
print (fruit.items())
print (fruit.keys())
fruit.close()


#the below example is not prefect,but the thing is there is a concept of writeback and sync
#related to shelve object,which can be used to update the shelve based on memory usage
#the benefits of these will be know later i guess.


import shelve

blt = ["bread","bacon","lettuce"]
egg = ["boiled egg","Milk"]
butter = ["cheese","butter"]
pasta = ["pasta","macroni"]

with shelve.open("D:/WORK/2018/February/23-02-2018-Friday/shelveupdateeg4") as recipes:
    recipes["blt"]=blt
    recipes["egg"]=egg
    recipes["butter"]=butter
    recipes["pasta"]=pasta
    print(recipes)

    for var1 in recipes:
        print(var1,recipes[var1])

#in the eg above if we want to update the items against any key in shelve,
#if we use append method ,it wont update the shelve like check using the below code
    recipes["egg"].append("omlette")
    for var1 in recipes:
        print(var1,recipes[var1])
#we can update it correcty by changing the list itself and reassigning to the shelve
    templist = ["boiled egg","Milk","omlette"]
    recipes["egg"]=templist
    for var1 in recipes:
        print(var1,recipes[var1])

print("="*40)
with shelve.open("D:/WORK/2018/February/23-02-2018-Friday/shelveupdateeg4") as recipes:
    for var1 in recipes:
        print(var1,recipes[var1])
print('*'*40)

 

Python Shelve- Day 12(1 day later)

#shelve are same like dictionary,except that shelve can be used while #dealing with extremely large dictionary,dictionary will be handled in memory, #where as shelve will handle in a separate file #key points to note in shelve is that , the file with extension .db(or dit,bak,dat) ## will be created, #in dictionary since it is in memory,even if there is any mistake like type we can #change it immediately by changing the typo ,where as in shelve we have to #delete that key combination

  
import shelve

# with shelve.open("D:/WORK/2018/February/22-02-2018-Thursday/shelvetest1")as fruit:
#     fruit = {"orange":"its a fruit which is orange in color",
#               "apple":"good for health"}
#     print(fruit)
#     print(fruit["orange"])
# print("="*40)
# print(fruit["orange"])
# print(fruit)

with shelve.open("D:/WORK/2018/February/22-02-2018-Thursday/shelvetest2")as fruit:
    fruit["orange"]="its a fruit which is orange in color"
    fruit["apple"]="good for health"
print(fruit)
print("="*40)
#the below peice of code will throw an error
# print(fruit["orange"])


with shelve.open("D:/WORK/2018/February/22-02-2018-Thursday/shelvebike1")as bike:
    bike["name"]="tvs"
    bike["engine_cc"]="250 cc"
    #even if removed and executes the below code it will be saved
    #in the first run and remains there,which is not the case if
    #it is normal dictionary
    # bike["engin_cc"]="250 cc"
    bike["model"]="victor"
    print(bike)
    for i in bike:
        print(i)
        print(bike[i])
###############################################################################
import shelve

with shelve.open("D:/WORK/2018/February/22-02-2018-Thursday/shelvebike1")as bike:
    bike["name"]="tvs"
    bike["engine_cc"]="250 cc"
    #even if removed and executes the below code it will be saved
    #in the first run and remains there,which is not the case if
    #it is normal dictionary
    # bike["engin_cc"]="250 cc"
    #we can delete that key using,it has to be run one time only
    # del bike["engin_cc"]
    bike["model"]="victor"
    print(bike)
    for i in bike:
        print(i)
        print(bike[i])

 

Python Read Write File,Binary Read Write File - Day 11(2 days later)

*Read Write File

  
# #this shows how to open and read contents from the file
# samplefilevar = open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplereadfile.txt",'r')
# for linevar in samplefilevar:
#     print (linevar)
# samplefilevar.close()
#
# print("===="*20)
# #print only the lines containing the specific word
# samplefilevar = open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplereadfile.txt",'r')
# for linevar in samplefilevar:
#     if "file" in linevar.lower():
#         print (linevar,end = '')
# samplefilevar.close()
# print("===="*20)
# #using with keyword will automatically close the file,we dont need to
# #use the separate close statement
#
# with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplereadfile.txt",'r')as var2:
#     for line in var2:
#         #end = '' is used to avoid using the extra empty line
#         print(line,end='')

# with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplereadfile.txt",'r')as var2:
#     line =var2.readline()
#     print(line)
# with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplereadfile.txt",'r')as var2:
#     #readlines will read all lines and piut it into list,so it is better to use readline,
#     #since the readlines will read the entire file in memory,where as readline will
#     #go row by row
#     lines =var2.readlines()
#     print(lines)
#
# for line1 in lines:
#     print(line1,end='')

#write contents to a file
# cities = ["Delhi","Bombay","Chennai"]
#
# with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplewritefile1.txt",'w')as var2:
#     for city in cities:
#         print(city,file=var2)
#
# with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplewritefile1.txt",'r')as var3:
#     cities = var3.readlines()
# print(cities)
#
# #strip functions strips the character that is present at the end or beginning 
#,but not the middle
# for city in cities:
#     print(city)
#     print(city.strip("\n"))
#
# cityvar1 = []
# with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplewritefile1.txt",'r')as var3:
#     cities = var3.readlines()
#     for city in cities:
#         cityvar1.append(city)
#
# print(cityvar1)
#
# cityvar2 = []
# with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplewritefile1.txt",'r')as var3:
#     cities = var3.readlines()
#     for city in cities:
#         cityvar2.append(city.strip("\n"))
#
# print(cityvar2)
#
# strvar1 = "testing"
# print(strvar1.strip("s"))
# print(strvar1.strip("g"))
# #below will remove t at the beginning not the st at the middle
# print(strvar1.strip("st"))


#tuples to file
# albumtuplevar2 = "muthu","rahman",2000,(1,"oruvan oruvan"),(2,"kuluvall"),(3,"vidukathaya")
# print(albumtuplevar2)
# title,composer,year,track1,track2,track3 =albumtuplevar2
# print(title)
# print(composer)
# print(year)
# print(track1)
# print(track2)
# print(track3)
#
# with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplewritefile2.txt",'w')as var2:
#     print(albumtuplevar2,file=var2)

with open("D:/WORK/2018\February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonsamplewritefile2.txt",'r')as var3:
    var4 = var3.readlines()
print(var4)
print(var4)
######################################################################
#appending the tables to the existing file
#if we use the mode 'a',it will append it ,if we use the mode 'w',it will overwrite the file
#our challenge is to print like
#1 times 2 is 2
#2 times 2 is 4
#....
#likewise till 13 table

with open("D:/WORK/2018/February/20-02-2018-Tuesday/pythonwritefile3.txt",'w')as tables:
    for i in range(1,1000):
        for j in range(1,1000):
            print("{1} times {0} is {2}".format(i,j,i*j),file=tables)
        print("=="*20,file=tables)

#######################################################################
#We can use pickle ,instead of converting the binaty manually and reconverting
#while reading

import pickle

imedla = ('More Mayhem',
          'Imelda May',
          '2011',
          ((1,'Pulling the rug'),
           (2,'Psycho'),
           (3,'Mayhem'),
           (4,'Kentish Town Waltz')))

# with open("D:/WORK/2018/February/22-02-2018-Thursday/pythonwritefilebinary.pickle","wb") 
as pickle_file:
#     pickle.dump(imedla,pickle_file)

with open("D:/WORK/2018/February/22-02-2018-Thursday/pythonwritefilebinary.pickle","rb")
as imelda_pickled:
    imelda2 = pickle.load(imelda_pickled)

print(imelda_pickled)
print(imelda2)
album,artist,year,tracklist = imelda2
print (album)
print (artist)
print (year)
for track in tracklist:
    trackno,tracktile = track
    print("{0} : {1}".format(trackno,tracktile))
#########################################################################################
#storing multiple objects in the binary file and retrieving it in the same order
import pickle

imedla = ('More Mayhem',
          'Imelda May',
          '2011',
          ((1,'Pulling the rug'),
           (2,'Psycho'),
           (3,'Mayhem'),
           (4,'Kentish Town Waltz')))

even = list(range(0,10,2))
odd = list(range(1,10,2))

with open("D:/WORK/2018/February/22-02-2018-Thursday/pythonwritefilebinary2.pickle","wb") 
as pickle_file:
    pickle.dump(imedla,pickle_file,protocol=0)
    pickle.dump(even,pickle_file,protocol=0)
    pickle.dump(odd,pickle_file,protocol=0)
    pickle.dump(12345,pickle_file,protocol=0)
#to read the above objects we need to read it in the same order ie..tuples,list,variable

with open("D:/WORK/2018/February/22-02-2018-Thursday/pythonwritefilebinary2.pickle","rb")
as imelda_pickled:
    imelda2 = pickle.load(imelda_pickled)
    even_list = pickle.load(imelda_pickled)
    odd_list = pickle.load(imelda_pickled)
    x = pickle.load(imelda_pickled)

print(imelda_pickled)
print(imelda2)
album,artist,year,tracklist = imelda2
print (album)
print (artist)
print (year)
for track in tracklist:
    trackno,tracktile = track
    print("{0} : {1}".format(trackno,tracktile))

print("="*40)

for i in even_list:
    print(i)
print("="*40)
for i in odd_list:
    print(i)
print("="*40)
print(x)
###################################################################################

 

Python Sets - Day 10(day later)

*like dictioanry,but don't have keys

*immutable objects

*no order

*2 ways to create a set,one like the dictioanry,other by using the set keyword

  
farm_animals = {"cow","goat"}
print(farm_animals)
wild_animals= set(["Lion","Tiger"])
farm_animals.add("horse")
print(farm_animals)
wild_animals.add("horse")
print(wild_animals)

evennos = set(range(0,50,2))
print(evennos)

evennos = set(range(0,50,2))
print(evennos)
squares = {4,9,16,25,36}
print(squares)
print(sorted(squares))
print (squares.union(evennos))
#both will produce same result
print (evennos.union(squares))
#both will produce same result
print (squares.intersection(evennos))
print (evennos.intersection(squares))
print (evennos & squares)
print (squares & evennos )

#*empty set can not be created by using the curly braces {},since it will be treated as 
dictionary when calling the add method
emptyset1 = {}
print(emptyset1)
#the below code will throw error
# emptyset1.add("1")
print(emptyset1)
emptyset2 = set()
print(emptyset2)
#but not the below code
emptyset2.add("1")
print(emptyset2)

#differences/Minus
print(evennos)
print(squares)


print("squares minus evenos")
print(squares.difference((evennos)))
print(squares - evennos)

print("evenos minus squares ")
print(evennos.difference((squares)))
print(evennos - squares)

#update the difference in the set

squaretuple = (4,9,16,25,36)
squarenos = set(squaretuple)
evennos = set(range(0,50,2))
print(sorted(evennos))
print(sorted(squarenos))
print("="*40)
#will update the set after the difference
evennos.difference_update(squarenos)
print(evennos)


#symmetric difference,it is exact opposite of intersection

squarenos1 = {4,9,16,25,36}
evennos1 = set(range(0,50,2))
print(sorted(squarenos1))
print(sorted(evennos1))

print(evennos1.symmetric_difference(squarenos1))
#it will return the same result for both the line of the code
print(squarenos1.symmetric_difference(evennos1))

#discard & Remove,these two will affect the sets directly,
#disacard wont throw an error ,even if the value is not present there in the set,
#where as remove will throw if it does not exits

print(sorted(squarenos1))
print(sorted(evennos1))

squarenos1.discard(4)
squarenos1.remove(16)
print(sorted(squarenos1))
#wont throw error
squarenos1.discard(5)
#will throw error
# squarenos1.remove(5)

evensquarenos2 = {4,16,36}
evennos2 = set(range(0,50,2))
print(sorted(evensquarenos2))
print(sorted(evennos2))

if evennos2.issuperset(evensquarenos2):
    print("evennos is the superset of the evensquarenos")

if evensquarenos2.issubset(evennos2):
    print("evensquarenos is the subset of the evennos")


#frozenset,we can add,edit,remove the frozen set,but can do other operations 
#like union,intersection...
evenfrozen = frozenset({2,4,6})
print(evenfrozen)
#the below line will throw an error,since we are trying 
#to modify the frozen set which is not allowed
# evenfrozen.add(8)


#challenge ,remove the vowels from the string

stringval1= set("python is trending language")
stringval2= set("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz")
frozensetstring = frozenset("aeiou")
print(stringval1.difference(frozensetstring))
print(sorted(stringval2.difference(frozensetstring)))